GST is an Indirect Tax which has replaced many Indirect Taxes in India. The Goods and Service
Tax Act was passed in the Parliament on 29th March 2017. The Act came into effect on 1st July 2017;
Goods & Services Tax Law in India is a comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax that is levied on
every value addition. Under the GST regime, the tax is levied at every point of sale. In the case of intra-state
sales, Central GST and State GST are charged. Inter-state sales are chargeable to Integrated GST. This
paper explores few fundamental concepts in GST such as Registration, Exemption, Time of supply, GST
returns etc., practiced by tax payers for the payment of GST.

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Human resource is important resources of the organization and thus the management of human resource assumes the importance for all the organizations. There are many aspects which affects the management of human resources.One of the such aspects is Quality of Work life. The confidence about QWL is also one of the best method to attract, preserving talented staff and to obtain better performance in an organization.

The most important sources of any organization is often said to be the people. The growth, development and progress of any organization depend on the strength and potential of human resources. Rapid technology and their applications is business have resulted into creation of situation in which employees have feeling of stress.

Risk is inevitable in all business, but managing the risk is very important in all the cases to get the success. E-banking facility is very important in the world now.most number of banking transaction is carried out through the e-banking system which is most important today. We can adopt effective management system to have control over the banking activities. Effective risk monitoring requires audit and internal controls, audit trails. The financial institutions should follow system which shows the confidential, privacy of data, incidence response, etc.

Agriculture remains the primary source of livelihood for a majority of the Indian population, playing a crucial role in the country’s economic development. As the primary industry, agriculture contributes significantly to national income and provides employment to a large section of the population. Agricultural marketing in India offers a comprehensive overview of the agricultural landscape, including market structures, government interventions, technological advancements, and the challenges faced by the sector.
Effective marketing strategies are vital to ensure that farmers can access markets for their produce, particularly as
production levels increase. However, in many rural areas, farmers struggle to find markets for their products, often due to inadequate information regarding pricing and market access. Government initiatives, such as the Minimum Support Price (MSP), play a crucial role in shaping market dynamics and supporting farmers.
The adoption of digital technology in agriculture is increasingly recognized as a key driver of economic growth. Many companies in the agricultural sector are effectively utilizing digital tools to enhance consumer value, improve supply chain efficiency, and provide farmers with better access to markets and information. Digital technology, while still emerging in some rural areas, holds great potential to address challenges such as market access and price transparency. The contribution of the agricultural sector to India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been a fundamental aspect of the nation’s economy, especially given its role as the primary source of livelihood for a significant portion of the population.
Despite the advancements and government support, the agricultural sector in India faces several challenges. The most pressing issues include inadequate market access in rural areas, lack of real-time information on prices, and the need to find new markets for increased production. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure that agriculture continues to thrive as a cornerstone of the Indian economy.
Keywords: Agriculture Marketing, Gross Domestic Market, Economic growth, Digital tools, Challenges Rural Marketing

Abstract
Gold jewellery has always been a superpower and a prospect of attraction among women. Jewellery is
perceived to be status symbol (Kaur and Joseph, 2012).It has created a high potential market for
jewellery products. . The study aims at finding out the significant factors of perceived purchase
intention of women consumers towards gold jewellery in Tirupattur District of Tamil Nādu. Marketing
Mix approach has been considered to accomplish the study as the perceived purchase intention is
required to be evaluated by all major dimensions. The study has been planned to be conducted through
causal model with multivariate analysis based primary data. The expected contribution of the study
will be helping tool to the jewellery marketers while developing marketing strategies.
Keywords:
Perception, Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Intention and Jewellery

Goods and Services Tax (GST) was established with the objective to minimize the burden on
all stakeholders in the economy. This study attempted to empirically examine the influence of attitude
and Satisfaction level on the Acceptance level of Consumers who are the vital stakeholders of GST.
Because they bear the burden of taxes indirectly and contribute to revenue. GST came as a game
changer to overcome the issues of earlier tax systems and provide many benefits to consumers. The
paper studiesconsumers’ perception, level of awareness, and satisfaction about GST. To achieve the
objectives of the study Kaiser –Mayer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s tests have been used to test the
significance of samples.

GST implementation in India is very challenging as India is a developing country which needs
to focus on developing SMEs, but due to GST implementation, majority of small industries are facing
the problem of overhead costs, excessive time and waste of labor and materials, no performance
monitoring, unstable cash flow and lack of planning especially for uncertain times and compliance with
GST in India has seen a huge improvement since 2017. Though there are benefits under GST, Many
Micro and Small enterprises are facing issues like ambiguity, lack of training to handle GST procedure
etc, their awareness level towards GST is also low. This paper aims to study the impact of GST on
Micro and Small enterprises. This paper also analyzes the awareness, satisfaction and Challenges by
GST.
Keywords: GST, MSE, Awareness, Impact, Satisfaction etc.

This study investigates the financial risks and benefits of online shopping in India. Utilizing a
mix of primary and secondary data, it explores the evolving landscape of online commerce in one of
the world's fastest-growing markets. The research uncovers a delicate balance between the advantages
and disadvantages perceived by Indian customers. Notably, price sensitivity, trust issues, uncertainty,
and perceived financial risks play pivotal roles. Positive correlations between variables like
"Maximizing / Predict Opportunity," "Customer Insight," "Business Growth / Potential," and
"Perceived Benefits (Finance)" and factors such as "Price Sensitivity" and "Lack of Trust" highlight the
intricate web of influences in online shopping. Ultimately, this study sheds light on the complexities of
online shopping behavior in India, emphasizing the importance of building trust and managing
uncertainty to create a favorable shopping environment.
Keywords: Online Shopping – Financial Risks - Customer Perception - Trust and Uncertainty.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of career development, compensation,
work environment on job satisfaction in the government college faculty member at Tirupattur District
in Tami Nadu. This type of research is explanatory and Empirical method. The population of this
study is the Government college faculty members. The Non-probability sampling of convenient
random sampling method was used in the present study.
The sample in this study were 200
respondents. The research instrument was a questionnaire distributed to respondents. The analysis
tool used is Simple Percentage Analysis, Regression Weights, Path Analysis. The results of this
study career development, compensation, work environment and satisfaction have a positive and
significant effect on job satisfaction in the Government college faculty member in Tirupattur District.
Keywords: Career Development, Compensation, Work Environment, Job Satisfaction.

Goods and Service Tax (GST) is a single tax on the supply of goods and services. The statutory
tax rates under GST came into effect from 1st July, 2017 which replaced all other applicable indirect taxes.
In India, the maximum population is of the middle class and lower middle class where people either belong
to service class or they depend on agriculture for their living . people are still struggling to understand
what actually GST is all about. Consumers are the king for a business and play a vital role in any economy,
it is primary concern to know the effect of GST on consumers. The study aims to analyze the impact of
GST on Consumers.
Different tax experts and economists have given their opinion on the long term benefits of goods and
services tax for India. Thus, there is a need to study the impact of GST on consumer regarding the GST
in India.

Background: The present study was conducted to analyze the impact of Professional Development on
Employees Satisfaction towards Women Faculty Members in various Self-finance Colleges at Tirupattur
district only.
Purpose: The main objectives of the study were to find out the difference in the level job satisfaction,
professional development among faculty members based on their age, nature of course, years of
experience diversity as the three prime demographic characteristics. The five dimensions of professional
development like Reimbursement expenses on higher education, Grant of leave for higher education,
Encouraging attending the FDP, Sanction of OD for attending government program, Encouragement
applying minor and major projects were taken for the study.
Methods: The probability sampling of simple random sampling method was used in the present study.
The sample of the study comprised of 50 women teachers selected from Tirupattur District. The
Percentage analyses is used to find out the demographic data, Chi-square analyses is used to find out the
significant association between age, nature of course, years of experience of the respondents and level of
job satisfaction, professional development. The Correlation analysis is used to find out the strength of
relationship between professional development and job satisfaction taken from the study.
Results: The Chi-square test results indicate that there is no significant association between age, Nature
of the course and Job Satisfaction and there is significant association between Years of experience and
Job Satisfaction and also there is no significant association between Professional Development and Age,
Teaching experience. There is significant association between Professional Development and Nature of
the course. The correlation test result indicate that there is low positive correlation between Job
satisfaction and Professional development (r = 0.369) significant at 1% level.

Key words: Professional Development, Job Satisfaction, Women Faculty Members

GST is an Indirect Tax which has replaced many Indirect Taxes in India. The Goods and Service Tax Act was passed
in the Parliament on 29th March 2017. The Act came into effect on 1st July 2017; Goods & Services Tax Law in India
is a comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax that is levied on every value addition. Under the GST regime,
the tax is levied at every point of sale. This paper aims to under the awareness level of micro enterprises about GST. In
order to find out the awareness level of GST among micro enterprises by using non random sampling technique in which 50 respondents of micro entrepreneurs were selected at Tirupattur District for the study. The paper had tried to attempt the actual impact of GST and suggestive measures have also been provided at the end of study. It was concluded that the impact of GST on Micro enterprises can go both in positive and negative way.
Key words: GST, Microenterprises and Awareness

The present study was conducted to study the determinants factors of job satisfaction towards
of women faculty members in self finance College. The study based on the Financial and Non
Financial Factors. Financial Factors based on Annual Increment, Leave salary available, Advance
salary available etc. Non-Financial Factors based on Special awards for publication, Promotions,
official appreciation in recognition of services etc. The Non-probability sampling of convenient
random sampling method was used in the present study. The sample of the study comprised of 50
women teachers selected from Tirupattur District. The data were analyzed using descriptive analyses
(Mean, Standard Deviation), Correlation analyses (co-efficient of correlation ‘r’). The finding of the
study revealed that annual increment is the first and foremost important financial factors for job
satisfaction which the female faculty respondents consider it as important, followed by Leave salary,
advance salary, provident fund, etc. Special award for publications is the first non -financial factor
which influences the job satisfaction, followed by promotion, Official appreciation in recognition of
services, providing additional responsibility, Sanction of OD, etc. The study revealed that there is a
moderate correlation between Financial incentives and non- financial incentives (r=.548), financial
incentives and job satisfaction (r= .518) and non-financial incentives and job satisfaction (r=.540)
KEYWORDS: Job Satisfaction, women faculty, Financial and Non -Financial Factors.

The purpose of present research is to identify relationship between organizational climate with job satisfaction and
professional development among self –financing arts and science college Teachers. This research study was based on three variables which include the Organizational Climate, Job satisfaction, Professional Development of college teachers. First variable are four dimensions of organizational climate like Autonomy, Integration, Clarity of Organizational Goals, Innovation and Flexibility, Second variable are three dimensions of Job Satisfaction Workplace Condition, Infrastructure, Compensation, Third variable are three factors of Professional Development namely, Easy concurrence for higher education, Sanction of OD for attending FDP, workshop, seminar, conference, Encouragement for publishing papers
and books. The data was collected from full time working Self-financing Arts and Science College teachers consisted of 397 sample of simple random sampling method used the for study. Results of the level of organizational climate, job satisfaction, and professional development was above the average level. The present paper measures impact of organizational climate on job satisfaction and professional development with help of correlation and regression analysis
and an attempt has been made to see the factor wise effect of organizational climate and job satisfaction on professional development. The findings of the study indicated that there is a significant positive correlation of organizational climate with job satisfaction on Professional Development in faculty members (OC and JS r = 0.405, OC and PD r =0.405, JS and PD r = r=0.657).The result of regression analysis indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between OC and JS, OC and PD, JS and PD.

The paper is focused on consumer decision making and its cultural influence as an overview. The purpose of the paper is to explore how culture influence the decision making of an individual or a family on a product or service. The result reflects the interdependence of consumer’s individual views and beliefs with group. People attend to and frame their understanding of situation around previously experienced scenarios and these understanding are shaped by culture. Depending upon the frequency of certain kinds of experiences and how recently the experience occurred, individuals will be access and retrieve relevant information to make sense of event. Most events are coated in cultural signals and different symbols, structures, interactions.in this way, cultural norms shape how individuals construct and impose meaning on a situation. Cultural Logic is the understanding of a culture’s fundamental beliefs and the ways that those
beliefs interact with each other, with new information, and with the perceived desirability of alternative actions. This
understanding is key to any activity in which people from diverse cultures interact. It is especially important whenever
people from different cultures wish to impact each other’s behavior through persuasive communications. Consumers perceived characteristics of new product and their innovativeness are key personal level factors in impacting their new product purchase decision. Reflecting collectivist tendencies, interpersonal communication sources and subjective norms at an individual and group level are important mediators of consumer new product purchase.

India a Golden Bird, where the chase begins with gold and lasts in Gold. Resourced with several options of other metals available in the market the craze of Gold jewellery especially for the South Indians is unbeatable. In India jewellery is considered a status symbol, faith, devotion, investment, ward off misfortune, excellent adornment, beauty and many more to add. At the backdrop of this Gold a glittering metal made the south Indian brides gilded were a middle class bride likely to receive 400 gms on an average. Consumer behavior refers to how approachable the marketer is and the signal delivered by them enhances the customer satisfaction The objective of the study is to understand the consumers decision behavior while purchasing gold jewellery by rural and urban women of Tirupattur district for which a sample study of 70 respondents collected and analysed using
convenient sampling technique and statistical tools used were Chi Square test , Independent t small test, ANOVA.This study makes an attempt to seek the different aspects of buying behavior of women and to measure their perspectives towards gold jewellery.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for the study of role of communication on Quality of work life of employees in an organization. Although there is a continuing interest in studying interpersonal communication in organization and still there is a need to interpersonal communication and its effect on Quality of work life.

Groups are composed of individuals. A group is a collection of individuals who have come together to serve a purpose. Hence, the group behaviour means behaviour of its members. In practice each in group affects the behaviour of other members and in turn it also affects the behaviour members dynamics and team building are based fundamentally on the relationships among people involved, it is both courteous and sensible to assure that members all are introduced to each other, and that they are offered opportunities to get know each other and to build relationships.

Now a day the life style of the people is different. People feel uncomfortable and time consuming for going crowd markets.So, e-shopping is a boon as it saves lot of time. Online shopping is a process whereby consumers directly buy goods, services etc. from the sellers without an intermediary services over internet. Shoppers can visit web stores from comfort of their house and shop s by sitting in front of the computer.

This study delves into various dimensions and their implications concerning work-life balance. It reveals that the management of work-life balance is profoundly influenced by an individual's
psychological disposition, particularly in the case of women, making it primarily an attitude-based concern. Consequently, the study concludes that the implementation of work-life balance practices enhances the quality of working women's professional lives. In today's workplace, women hold positions across various categories, and teaching, in particular, is known to encompass both positive and negative experiences related to work-life balance. This paper conducts a comprehensive exploration of work-life balance, emphasizing the significance of balancing work and family life, which presents a growing challenge for both employees and employers.

This study investigates the financial risks and benefits of online shopping in India. Utilizing a
mix of primary and secondary data, it explores the evolving landscape of online commerce in one of the world's fastest-growing markets. The research uncovers a delicate balance between the advantages and disadvantages perceived by Indian customers. Notably, price sensitivity, trust issues, uncertainty, and perceived financial risks play pivotal roles. Positive correlations between variables like
"Maximizing / Predict Opportunity," "Customer Insight," "Business Growth / Potential," and
"Perceived Benefits (Finance)" and factors such as "Price Sensitivity" and "Lack of Trust" highlight the intricate web of influences in online shopping. Ultimately, this study sheds light on the complexities of online shopping behavior in India, emphasizing the importance of building trust and managing uncertainty to create a favorable shopping environment

The sudden closure of educational institutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted traditional teaching methods worldwide, compelling educators to swiftly transition to online teaching. This study explores the effectiveness of online teaching in higher education, particularly in the context of unpreparedness. Data from 92 faculty members in Engineering, Technology, Science, Management, and Commerce disciplines were collected and assessed for their perspectives on pre, during, and post-online teaching activities. While the findings indicate
that pedagogical effectiveness remains largely consistent in online teaching, concerns persist regarding classroom management and evaluation processes in comparison to face-to-face instruction. Notably, no significant differences in faculty opinions were observed between the Engineering and Management disciplines, except in the context of during online teaching activities.

Abstract
Brand image is the current view of the customers about a brand. It can be defined as a unique bundle of associations within the minds of target customers. It signifies what the brand presently stands for. It is a set of beliefs held about a specific brand. In short, it is nothing but the consumers� perception about the product. It is the manner in which a specific brand is positioned in the market. Brand image conveys emotional value and not just a mental image. Brand image is nothing but an organization�s character. It is an accumulation of contact and observation by people external to an organization. It should highlight an organizations mission and vision to all.
Brand Loyalty is a scenario where the consumer fears purchasing and consuming product from another brand which he does not trust. It is measured through methods like word of mouth publicity, repetitive buying, price sensitivity, commitment, brand trust, customer satisfaction, etc. Brand loyalty is the extent to which a consumer constantly buys the same brand within a product category. The consumers remain loyal to a specific brand as long as it is available.
Key Words: FMCG, ANOVA, US and Attributes

A Study on Consumer�s Attitude towards Online Shopping in Vellore District

Survey Based Study on Work Life Balance of Employees in Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) Companies with Special reference to Bangalore City

A Study on Investment Preference and Behaviour of Individual Investors in Vellore City

Impact of Inflation on Indian Economy

Human Resources Practices: Opportunities and Challenges (Empirical Study with Reference to IT Companies in Chennai City

: E-banking is the system that provides the facility to the customer to conduct the
financial and non-financial transactions from his net banking account. The user can transfer
funds from his account to other accounts of the same bank/different bank using a website or
an online application. The customer uses a resource and a medium to conduct financial
transactions. The resource that a customer uses might be an electronic device like a computer,
a laptop, or a mobile phone. The internet is the medium that makes the technology possible.
The facility of internet banking is provided through banks and the customer must be an
account holder with any bank to get the facility available for him/her.

Key Words: E-banking, DTH, AMOS, GFI, AGFI, RMSEA and PLS

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Technical Teachers Training

Empirical Study on the Quality of work life of Employees (with Special Reference to Bhel - Trichy)

Investors Behaviour towards investment avenues: A study with reference to Vellore city

The Role of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Indian Economic Development

Digital Transformation: Challenges and Learning Opportunities in Commerce and Management

Digital Transformation: Challenges and Learning Opportunities in Commerce and Management

Over the past decade, there has been a significant shift in consumer behavior, with a notable inclination towards online shopping. Despite a continued preference for traditional brick-and-mortar stores, online shopping offers unparalleled convenience by eliminating the need for in-person visits. Particularly in smaller towns in India, e-commerce has emerged as a vital avenue, granting access to quality products and services comparable to those available in larger cities. Increased internet accessibility has played a pivotal role in expanding the reach of potential customers. Individuals now possess the freedom to make well-informed decisions conveniently from their residences, allowing them to compare a variety of options and effortlessly evaluate prices in comparison to competitors’ offerings. This research centers on gaining insights into consumer behavior related to online shopping, with a particular focus on Vaniyambadi town.
KEYWORDS: Consumer Behaviour, E-Commerce, Internet Shopping, Online Shopping, and Online Vendors.

In the past decade, there has been a dramatic change in the way consumers have altered their
way of shopping. Although consumers continue to purchase from a physical store, consumers feel very
convenient to shop online since it frees the customer from personally visiting the store. .E-commerce is
helping people in smaller towns in India access quality commodities and services similar to what
people in the larger cities have access to. It is forecast that close to 80% of online shoppers would come
from beyond the top eight large cities by the end of this year. Increasing internet penetration has helped
to expand the potential customer pool. Decisions can be made from home at ease looking at various
choices and prices can be easily compared with the competitor’s products to arrive at a decision. The
present study highlights the consumers’ perception towards online shopping especially in Vellore
District and their product preference on online shopping. This enables the e-retailers to support their
online customer better by developing suitable marketing strategies in order to attract and convert
potential customers into an active customer by encouraging them in an efficient way to make a
purchase decision.
Key Words: Online Shopping, E-Commerce, Consumer Perception, E-Retailors and Purchase
Decision.

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E-Commerce becomes one of the most significant features in the internet area. Online Shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows customers to directly purchase the goods or services from a seller over the internet using a web browser. Now a day’s customers are very much interest in shopping through online. The present study is an attempt to know about the customers’ attitude towards online shopping during covid 19 especially in Vellore District, Tamilnadu. The objectives of the study are: to know the socio-demographic profile of the customers’; to find out the attitude level of customers towards online shopping; to know the customers willingness to buy products through online during covid19; to identify the changes in quantity of purchase through online during covid19 by customers; to study the reason for changes in quantity of purchase by customers through online during covid19.
Key Words: E-Commerce, Online Shopping, Web browser.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the banking and financial sector by enhancing
customer service, accuracy, and operational efficiency. This paper examines AI applications
in areas such as credit scoring, fraud detection, investment management and client
interaction. Through a review of existing literature, the study identifies key benefits,
including improved decision-making, cost reduction and increased profitability. However,
challenges like data privacy, algorithmic bias and ethical concerns must be addressed to
ensure responsible and sustainable AI adoption in finance.
KEYWORDS- Artificial Intelligence, Banking & Finance,

Digital marketing has transformed the way businesses operate, particularly in the e
commerce sector. From its origins in the 1990s with basic banner ads and search engines to
today’s era of social media, artificial intelligence and personalized marketing, digital
marketing continues to evolve rapidly. This paper explores the historical development of
digital marketing and e-commerce, the tools and techniques that drive online engagement
and the significant impact on consumer behavior and sales growth. It also highlights the
advantages of digital marketing in e-commerce, such as cost-effectiveness, wider reach and
real-time analytics, while addressing challenges like high competition, changing algorithms
and data privacy concerns. Finally, the paper discusses emerging trends, including AI-driven
marketing, AR/VR shopping and social commerce, which are shaping the future of global e
commerce.

Financial literacy is a crucial element for women’s empowerment, independence and economic
security in the digital era. With the rise of FinTech, financial services have become more
accessible, affordable and user-friendly, enabling women to save, invest and manage money
effectively. Despite these benefits, women continue to face challenges such as cultural barriers,
lack of awareness, and digital divides. FinTech acts as a bridge by simplifying banking,
investments and entrepreneurship, while also boosting confidence and independence. However,
risks like cyber security threats and over-reliance on technology highlight the need for awareness
and training. Government initiatives, self-help groups, and NGOs are playing vital roles in
promoting inclusion. The future of FinTech promises localized solutions, AI-driven tools and
women-centric platforms, ensuring greater participation of women in the digital economy.
Keywords: Financial Literacy, Digital Era, Fintech,

In the digital epoch, entrepreneurship is characterized by a dynamic landscape
where individuals and organizations capitalize on digital technologies to innovate, create
and transform businesses. Entrepreneurs harness the potential of digital tools, platforms
and networks to identify market gaps, disrupt traditional industries and rapidly scale their
ventures. This era cultivates an environment of continual evolution, emphasizing
adaptability, agility and technological proficiency as crucial elements for success.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Digital Epoch, Digital-era Entrepreneurship, Digital
Entrepreneurship

ICT Entrepreneurship: Driving Digital Innovation" encapsulates the pivotal
role of entrepreneurs in leveraging Information and Communication Technology to fuel
innovation. This abstract emphasizes how these entrepreneurs are catalysts for
technological advancements, disrupting industries and shaping societal progress. By
harnessing the power of ICT, they drive economic growth, propel technological innovation,
and facilitate transformative changes globally.

Perquisite means nay benefit attached to an office or position in addition to salary or wags. Perquisites may be given in cash or kind. If perquisites are given in kind it should be capable of being measured in terms of money. This kind of monetary benefits are given to employee to motivate their performance as well as it can provided to the skill set peoples also. This article covers the perks for salary and different types of available for skill set peoples.

Digital payment system is andigital medium that allows customers to make digital payment
transactions for their purchase of commodities and services. Customers have moderate level
of awareness about digital payment and there is still some of the challenges faced by the
customers in the present scenario and somewhat all the customers may avail the opportunities
on the digital payment on online shopping. The main aim of this study is to have an eye on the
opportunities and challenges on digital payment system on online shopping with reference
to Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. The area of the study is Vellore district with a sample size
of 100 respondents by adopting convenience sampling method. Primary data is collected
through well-structured questionnaire. Simple percentage analysis is used for data analysis
and interpretation. The study concluded that, some factors like security concern and refund of
money in case of transactions failed that has to be considered if the marketer wants to motivate
their customers for online purchases by making payment through digital payment mode
.
Key Words: Digital Payment System, Challenges and Opportunities, Online Shopping.

In earlier days people used to go to different shops in person, as they didn't have a great deal of easy access to information on products in the internet. But nowadays due to the development of World Wide Web it has now become easy to access the products available worldwide without wasting time, money and other resources. The attitude of the customers is changing slowly from store shop to online shop.

Retail traders all over the country are today very much concerned about the entry of foreign direct investments. No doubt there are good aspects globalization like increased productivity, spurt in national growth etc., but there are some equally negative aspects which require attention.Today’s retail trade is carried on by small grocery shops, petty shops, hawkers on wheels, pavement shops and mobile vendors. Most of these people, although uneducated and untrained, are efficiently doing their business, earning a profit, as well as serving the needs of the society. A majority of the retail trade is being looked after by families using their own house-fronts for shop keeping. The women folk of the family also help in the business, while some times their children too offer them assistance. Most often, the families manage their business finance from private money lenders, since none of the banks are inclined to lend them as they are concerned with the risk factor.

Retail has become largest source of employment and has deep penetration into rural India. Retailing contributes to 10 percent of GDP and around 8 percent of the employment. Retail sector is one of India’s fastest growing sectors with a 5 percent compounded annual growth rate. It is expected that retail in India could be worth US$ 175- 200 billion by 2016. The organized retail industry in India had not evolved till the early 1990s. Until then the industry was dominated by the unorganized sector. It was a seller’s market with a limited number of brands and little choice available to customers. Lack of trained manpower, tax laws and government regulations, consumer awareness and restrictions over entry of foreign player delayed the growth of organized retailing.

Entrepreneurship has gained currency across sphere and women entrepreneurship has become an important module. India is one of the fastest emerging economics and the importance of entrepreneurship is realized across the gamut. It is revealed that the female entrepreneurs from India are generating more wealth than the women in any part of the world. The basic qualities required for entrepreneurs and the basic characters of Indian women, reveal that, much potential is available among the Indian women in their entrepreneurial ability. Women are to be considered as equal partners in the process of development. But due to, exploitation and demotivation and neglect, Indian women have remained at the receiving end. They have not been actively involved in the mainstream of development even though they represent equal proportion of the population and labour force. The development of women entrepreneurship is low in India, especially in rural areas. Women entrepreneurs face lot of problems right from the beginning till the enterprise functions. This paper focuses on the role and functions of women entrepreneurs.

Indian retail industry is ranked among the ten largest retail markets in the world. The attitudinal shift of the Indian consumer and the emergence of organized retail formats have transformed the face of retailing in India. With the sign of reemergence of economic growth in India, consumer buying in retail sector is being projected as a key opportunity area. As a consequence, Indian corporate houses are refocusing its strategic perspective in retail marketing with the idea to use resources optimally in order to create core competence and gain competitive advantage

Digital transformation goes beyond simply converting analog processes into digital ones.
It is the integration of technology into all aspects of a business, reshaping operations and
decision-making through innovative IT solutions. From marketing automation systems to
advanced data management tools and machine learning algorithms, digital transformation
empowers companies to make smarter business decisions, optimize advertising strategies and
gain deeper insights into customer needs.
However, this transformation is not solely about technology. It requires a fundamental
shift in how businesses, employees, and leadership perceive and approach daily operations.
Embracing digital transformation means fostering a culture of adaptability and innovation. The
benefits are substantial - enhanced project execution, improved customer communication, and
seamless transitions of entire processes and business models, ultimately driving efficiency and
growth.

E-business is the conducting of business with the help of internet. It is not only the
activities of buying and selling of products, but also serving customers and
collaborating with business partners. E-business can comprise a range of functions
and services, ranging from the development of intranets and extranets to eservices,
the provision of services and tasks over the internet by application
service providers.

Internet Shopping is a new shopping mode since 1993. It is the process of purchasing goods and services from sellers who sell through internet. Internet shopping is the process whereby consumers buy directly goods and services from merchants interactively in real time without an intermediary service over the internet.

Goods and services tax is a single indirect tax aimed at making the country a unified common market. It is imposed on the supply of goods and/or services within India. Multiple indirect taxes that the Central Government and State Governments impose on suppliers and consumers are subsumed by GST.

Human rights are universal: they are always the same for all human beings everywhere in the world. This means children have human rights as well as adults. Human rights are inalienable: you cannot lose these rights any more than you can cease to be a human being. Human rights are indivisible: no-one can take away a right because it is ‘less important’ or ‘non-essential’. Human rights are interdependent: together human rights form a complementary framework. Human rights refl ect basic human needs. Th ey establish basic standards without which people cannot live in dignity. To violate someone’s human rights is to treat that person as though he or she were not a human being. To advocate human rights is to demand that the human dignity of all people be respected. In claiming these human rights, everyone also accepts responsibilities: to respect the rights of others and to protect and support people whose rights are abused or denied. Meeting these responsibilities means claiming solidarity with all other human beings.

Liberalization of trade policies during the last one and half decade had led India to become an investment friendly country. In the initial stage of liberalization, FDI was centered on the urban manufacturing sectors because of its civic infrastructure, labour availability, flexible taxation mechanism etc. The success story of FDI in these sectors is known to us.

Artificial intelligence, often abbreviated as AI, refers to the emulation of human
intelligence processes using machines, particularly computer systems. AI encompasses
various applications, including expert systems, natural language processing, speech
recognition, and machine vision. With the increasing excitement around AI, companies
have been eager to showcase how their products and services utilize this technology.
Frequently, what they label as AI is, in fact, a component of the broader technology, such
as machine learning. AI necessitates a specialized foundation of hardware and software
for developing and training machine learning algorithms. While no single programming
language is synonymous with AI, Python, R, Java, C++, and Julia are among the
languages popular among AI developers.
In a general sense, AI systems function by ingesting extensive sets of labeled
training data, analyzing this data to identify correlations and patterns, and using these
patterns to make predictions about future situations. This approach enables a chatbot,
when provided with text examples, to learn how to generate realistic conversations with
people, or allows an image recognition tool to identify and describe objects in images by
studying numerous examples. Advanced generative AI techniques are continually
improving and can create lifelike text, images, music, and other forms of media.

This study examines the influence of social media marketing on consumer buying
behavior, with a focus on Tirupattur District. Social media platforms, widely used across age
groups, have transformed the way consumers and businesses interact. The internet particularly
social media serves as a powerful tool for product discovery, brand engagement and purchasing
decisions. The study reveals that most consumers actively use platforms like Instagram daily,
engaging with content for both entertainment and shopping purposes. Influencer marketing,
product recommendations, video advertisements and discounts are key factors shaping
consumer perceptions and actions. Findings indicate that consumers increasingly rely on social
media for product research and are influenced by trends and viral content. While many find
better deals and convenience on social platforms compared to traditional methods, concerns
remain about product authenticity, security and misleading advertisements. Despite this, trust in online reviews and influencer endorsements drives both informed and impulsive purchases. The
research highlights that active brand engagement on social media enhances consumer trust and
purchase likelihood. Most respondents prefer social media marketing over traditional
advertising due to its interactive and dynamic nature. Businesses are advised to leverage this
trend by maintaining transparency, collaborating with influencers, producing engaging content,
and addressing trust-related concerns. Overall, social media has become a crucial driver in the
digital buying journey, reshaping consumer behavior and offering new opportunities for
business growth.
Key Words: Social Media, Social Media Shopping, Consumer Buying Behavior, Social
Media Marketing

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Indian retail Industry is ranked among the ten largest retail markets in the world. The attitudinal shift of the Indian consumer and the emergence of organized retail formats have transformed the face of retailing in India. With the sign of reemergence of economic growth in India, consumer buying in retail sector is being projected as a key opportunity area. As a consequence, Indian corporate houses are refocusing its strategic perspective in retail marketing with the idea to use resources optimally in order to create core competence and gain competitive advantage. The retail Industry witnesses tremendous growth with the changing demographics and an improvement in the quality of life of urban people. The growing affluence of India’s consuming class, the emergence of the new breed of entrepreneurs and a flood of imported products in the food and grocery space, has driven the current retail boom in the domestic market.
Key Words: Retail Industry, Retail Market, Economic Growth, Entrepreneurs.

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ABSTRACT
The popularity of digital marketing has grown as more individuals spend time online.
Therefore, it is vital to comprehend the attitudes of consumers regarding digital marketing. Websites
were the first digital marketing tools, and they were thought of as online brochures. Over time, it has
expanded to include a wide range of technologies, including social networks and blogs. These days, the
internet plays a significant role in mass media, serving as a worldwide means of communication for the
transfer and exchange of information, products, and services across national borders. Therefore, it is
essential to carry out research to comprehend consumers' perceptions of digital marketing. Despite the
rise in online users, more research is needed to determine how digital marketing influences consumers'
intentions to make positive purchases. This will help advertisers in successfully integrating internet
adverts into their marketing initiatives.
Keywords: Consumer Perception, Digital Marketing.

ABSTRACT
The popularity of digital marketing has grown as more individuals spend time online.
Therefore, it is vital to comprehend the attitudes of consumers regarding digital marketing. Websites
were the first digital marketing tools, and they were thought of as online brochures. Over time, it has
expanded to include a wide range of technologies, including social networks and blogs. These days, the
internet plays a significant role in mass media, serving as a worldwide means of communication for the
transfer and exchange of information, products, and services across national borders. Therefore, it is
essential to carry out research to comprehend consumers' perceptions of digital marketing. Despite the
rise in online users, more research is needed to determine how digital marketing influences consumers'
intentions to make positive purchases. This will help advertisers in successfully integrating internet
adverts into their marketing initiatives.
Keywords: Consumer Perception, Digital Marketing.

ABSTRACT
Nowadays, most shoppers use e-business online platforms. However, consumer behaviors need
to be studied in terms of satisfaction and the intention to purchase and re-purchase according to the
online shopping process because online shopping platforms still have influenced their usage behaviors.
This work proposes a retentive consumer behavior assessment model of the online shopping platforms
through integration of Technology Acceptance Model and Online Purchase Decision-Making Process
with two input factors: Trust and Quality. A questionnaire designed according to all factors from the
proposed conceptual model is used to collect data from a sample group. The participants of this study
are 384 respondents who have experienced using online shopping platforms. The data is used to
analyze causal relationships through the use of structural equation modeling. The results showed that
the proposed model can be explained for the relationship with consistent E-Business platforms
affecting purchase and continue to purchase (re-purchase or recommend) behaviors of online trading
users, and it also can be used to assess purchasing behaviors and repeating purchases of online
consumers through 3 types of E- businesses: E-commerce, M-commerce, and S-commerce. The benefit
of this study will help online shopping businesses to strategize the development of designed platforms
for consumers' needs.
Keywords:
Technology acceptance model Online purchase decision-making process E-Business E-commerce M
commerce S-commerce Trust Quality Re-purchase Recommend.

Abstract
Entrepreneurship plays a important role in the money-making growth of any country.
Entrepreneurship acts as a support for the profitable success of a nation as it leads to generation are the
new breed of mangers emerging in big organizations. New entrepreneurs are motivated by the desire for
self-fulfillment. The manufacturing entrepreneurship in India emerged with the advent of the economy
through export of raw materials and import of finished goods. The main purpose of this paper is to study
about Entrepreneurship Development in India. This study was done based on secondary data collected
from several sources of confirmation, in addition to books, journals, websites, and newspapers.
"Entrepreneurship Development as one who always searches for change responds to it and exploits is as
a specific instrument of entrepreneurship. – “Peter Drucker Indexed Terms: Entrepreneurship, Innovation,
Development, Leadership, Coordination Organization, Supervision and Promotion.

Micro Finance Institutions are the main source of funding for the MSME and small entrepreneurs, in case where they
can’t access banking or any other related services. Microfinance provides assistance to the poor section of society to
overcome poverty and helps in economic development. MFI not only provides credit to MSME, but also includes
other services like insurance, savings, and remittance. MSME sectors have been considered as an important pillar of
economic growth of the country. Here, in this blog, we will discuss the Role of Micro Finance Institutions in financing
MSME briefly. Today MSME sector is playing a significant and vital role in the development of Indian economy. A
catalyst for socio-economic transformation of the country, the sector is critical in meeting the national objectives of
generating employment, reducing poverty, and discouraging rural-urban migration. These enterprises help to build a
thriving entrepreneurial eco-system, in addition to promoting the use of indigenous technologies. The sector has also
exhibited consistent growth over the last few years, but it has done so in a constrained environment often resulting in
inefficient resource utilization. Of the many challenges impeding the growth and development of MSMEs, inadequate
access to financial resources is one of the key bottlenecks that make these enterprises vulnerable, particularly in periods
of economic downturn. In the overall value chain of different industries various firms are placed in critical positions.
It is thus very much imperative to focus on those issues which impact the creation, growth and survival of the firms of
the sector. Today in considering the development of MSME sector, role played by credit lending institutions is quite
remarkable. Indian financial institutions and government has a crucial contribution in development as well as promotion
of MSME sector.
Keywords: Financial Institutions, MSME’s, resource utilization, entrepreneurial ecosystem, economic downturn,
development initiatives

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